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Technology From Cloud Computing Greatly Increases Gene Analysis Fri, 10 Sep 2010
Researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health have developed new software that greatly improves the speed at which scientists can analyze RNA sequencing data. RNA sequencing is used to compare differences in gene expression to identify those genes that switched on or off when, for instance, a particular disease is present...
Discovery Of A New Hot Spot For The Genesis Of Signaling Neurons In The Adult Brain Fri, 10 Sep 2010
In an unanticipated finding, researchers at the UC Davis School of Medicine have discovered that, during early adulthood, the brain produces new excitatory neurons, and that these neurons arise from non-neuronal support cells in an area of the brain that processes smell...
Underlying Causes Of Childhood Obsessive-Compulsive And Tourette's Disorders Targeted By New Treatment Options Fri, 10 Sep 2010
Pediatric-onset obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette's disorder (TD) share similarities in their underlying genetic and environmental factors, psychiatric features, and treatment methods...
Widely Prescribed Antibiotic Reported By Parents To Be Effective For Fragile X Treatment Fri, 10 Sep 2010
One of the antibiotics most commonly prescribed to treat adolescent acne can increase attention spans and communication and decrease anxiety in patients with fragile X syndrome, the most common inherited cause of mental impairment, according to a new survey study that is the first published on parents' reports of their children's responses to treatment with the medication...
Study Says Aging Reduces Centromere Cohesion, Disrupts Reproduction Fri, 10 Sep 2010
University of Pennsylvania biologists studying human reproduction have identified what is likely the major contributing factor to the maternal age-associated increase in aneuploidy, the term for an abnormal number of chromosomes during reproductive cell division...
Malignancy Of Lung Cancer Determined By Micro-RNA Fri, 10 Sep 2010
Cancer becomes life-threatening when tumor cells start leaving their primary site. They travel through the lymph and blood streams to other tissues where they grow into metastases. This transition to malignancy is associated with characteristic changes in the cancer cells. The activity of several genes is reprogrammed and, thus, the production of proteins anchoring cells to a tissue is reduced...
Examination Of Malaria Parasite's Genes Reveals Evidence Of Antibiotic Resistance, Suggests Changes In Diagnosis And Treatment Fri, 10 Sep 2010
A team of scientists from The Scripps Research Institute, the Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), and the U. S. Naval Research Detachment in Peru has completed a study that could improve the efficacy of diagnosis and treatment strategies for drug-resistant malaria...
Potential New Drug For Neurodegenerative Disease Fri, 10 Sep 2010
Scientists have discovered a small molecule that helps human cells get rid of the misfolded, disfigured proteins implicated in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative ailments. This potential drug could have applications for other conditions as well...
Microbial Sex And Virulence Fri, 10 Sep 2010
Two opportunistic pathogens that were once thought to be very different have evolved some sexual reproduction and disease-causing habits that are not only similar but also suggest that in the microbial world sex and virulence are closely linked, according to a review published this week in the online journal mBio?...
Researchers Identify New Gene For Memory, Findings Could Shed New Light On Human Learning And Neurological And Psychiatric Disorders Fri, 10 Sep 2010
A team led by a Scripps Research Institute scientist has for the first time identified a new gene that is required for memory formation in Drosophila, the common fruit fly. The gene may have similar functions in humans, shedding light on neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease or human learning disabilities. The study was published in the September 9, 2010 edition (Vol. 67, No...
Molecular Gatekeeper Of Arthritis Identified Fri, 10 Sep 2010
Elimination of a molecular gatekeeper leads to the development of arthritis in mice, scientists report in a study published in The Journal of Experimental Medicine. The newly discovered gatekeeper is a protein that determines the fate - survival or death - of damaging cells that mistakenly attack the body's own tissues and lead to autoimmune disorders such as arthritis...
Key Pharmacogenomics Resource Expanded By NIH Thu, 09 Sep 2010
To help advance research on how genes affect responses to medicines, the National Institutes of Health is spending $15 million over five years to expand a key resource, the Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base (PharmGKB). The goal of pharmacogenomics is to use information about a patient's genetic make-up to optimize his or her medical treatment. As the field has grown, so has PharmGKB...
Spinal Muscular Atrophy Research Team Receives Pepsi Refresh Funds From Sophia's Cure Foundation Thu, 09 Sep 2010
Brian Kaspar, PhD, principal investigator in the Center for Gene Therapy at The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, along with a team of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) researchers and clinicians, recently received a $250,000 grant for SMA research and clinic development from Sophia's Cure Foundation via the Pepsi Refresh Project...
Discovery That Single Gene Regulates Motor Neurons In Spinal Cord Could Help Scientists Develop New Treatments For Motor Neuron Diseases Thu, 09 Sep 2010
In a surprising and unexpected discovery, scientists at NYU Langone Medical Center have found that a single type of gene acts as a master organizer of motor neurons in the spinal cord. The finding, published in the September 9, 2010 issue of Neuron, could help scientists develop new treatments for diseases such as Lou Gehrig's disease or spinal cord injury...
Complete Genomics To Sequence 100 Genomes For National Cancer Institute Pediatric Cancer Study Thu, 09 Sep 2010
Complete Genomics Inc., a life sciences company focused on human genome sequencing, announced a collaboration to identify and validate somatic mutations from 50 pediatric cancer cases from multiple research centers across the United States...
Why Chromosomes Never Tie Their Shoelaces Thu, 09 Sep 2010
In the latest issue of the journal Nature, Miguel Godinho Ferreira, Principal Investigator at the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC) in Portugal, lead a team of researchers to shed light on a paradox that has puzzled biologists since the discovery of telomeres, the protective tips of chromosomes: while broken chromosome ends generated by DNA damage (such as radiation or cig...
New Sickle Cell Screening Program For College Athletes Comes With Serious Pitfalls, Experts Say Thu, 09 Sep 2010
The Johns Hopkins Children's Center top pediatrician is urging a "rethink" of a new sickle cell screening program, calling it an enlightened but somewhat rushed step toward improving the health of young people who carry the sickle cell mutation. Beginning this fall, all Division I college athletes will undergo mandatory screening for the sickle cell trait...
Researchers Identify Genes Tied To Deadliest Ovarian Cancers Thu, 09 Sep 2010
Scientists at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center have identified two genes whose mutations appear to be linked to ovarian clear cell carcinoma, one of the most aggressive forms of ovarian cancer. Clear cell carcinoma is generally resistant to standard therapy...
NIH Ramps Up Human Microbiome Project Thu, 09 Sep 2010
The National Institutes of Health today announced it has awarded approximately $42 million to expand the scope of eight demonstration projects designed to link changes in the human microbiome to health and disease. The funds will also support investigators to develop innovative technologies to improve the identification and characterization of microbial communities of the human microbiome...
Does The Impact Of Psychological Trauma Cross Generations? Thu, 09 Sep 2010
In groups with high rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), such as the survivors of the Nazi Death Camps, the adjustment problems of their children, the so-called "Second Generation", have received attention by researchers. Studies suggested that some symptoms or personality traits associated with PTSD may be more common in the Second Generation than the general population...
Progeria, The Rare Aging Disease, Linked To Aging In The General Population Thu, 09 Sep 2010
Progeria, also known as Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), is a rare, fatal genetic disease characterized by an appearance of accelerated aging in children...
Gene Set Identified That Shows Which Patients Benefit From Chemo After Surgery Thu, 09 Sep 2010
Lung cancer researchers have identified a genetic signature that can help doctors determine which patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer are at high risk for developing disease recurrence and therefore may benefit from chemotherapy after surgery ("adjuvant chemotherapy")...
UC San Diego To Lead New Pharmacogenomics Project Wed, 08 Sep 2010
An international team, led by University of California, San Diego School of Medicine researchers, has been awarded a $6.5 million grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to study the pharmacogenomics of a key mood-stabilizing drug used to treat bipolar disorder...
NIH Awards Nearly $10 Million To UF Pharmacogenomics Researcher Wed, 08 Sep 2010
A University of Florida genetics researcher has received $9.8 million to further a national effort to use genetic data to more effectively pinpoint which medications and treatments are best for individual patients. Julie A. Johnson, Pharm.D...
Consumers Have Concerns About Home Genetic Tests Wed, 08 Sep 2010
One-half of people using direct-to-consumer (DTC) personal genetic risk tests express concerns about testing-yet more than 80 percent want to know their risk even for non-preventable genetic diseases, according to a study in the September Genetics in Medicine, the official peer-reviewed journal of The American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG)...
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